Good readers use the following strategies to understand text:

1.  Create Mental Images:  Good readers create a wide range of visual, auditory, and other sensory images as they read, and they become emotionally involved with what they read.

2.  Use Background Knowledge: Good readers use their relevant prior knowledge before, during, and after reading to enhance their understanding of what they're reading.

3.  Ask Questions:  Good readers generate questions before, during, and after reading to clarify meaning, make predictions, and focus their attention on what is important.

4.  Make inferences: Good readers use their prior knowledge and information from what they read to make predictions, seek answers, draw conclusions, and create interpretations that deepen their understanding of the text.

5.  Determining Importance:  Good readers identify key ideas or themes as they read, and they can distinguish between important and unimportant information.

6.  Synthesizing Information:  Good readers track their thinking as it evolves during reading to get the overall meaning.

7.  Use Fix-Up Strategies:  Good readers are aware of when they understand and when they don't.  If they have trouble understanding specific words, phrases, or longer passages, they use a wide range of problem-solving strategies including skipping ahead, rereading, asking questions, using a dictionary, and reading the passage aloud.

From 7 Keys to Comprehension by Susan Zimmerman and Chryse Hutchins